- Thermodynamics: P.K. Nag, Cengel & Boles
- Strength of Materials: William A Nash(Schaum outline series), Timoshenko
- Mechanics: A. K. Tayal
- Machine Design: V. B. Bhandari
- Material science: O. P. Khanna
- Theory of Machine (Kinematics & Dynamics of Machine): S. S. Rattan, R. S. Khurmi
- Manufacturing: Kalpakjian, Ghosh & Malik
- Heat and mass transfer: R. C. Sachdeva
- Operation research: Hira & Gupta
- Fluid dynamics & Kinematics: K. L. Kumar, K. Subramanya
- Mathematics: B. S. Grewal
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbomachines by Dr. Shamit Bakshi and Dr. Dhiman Chatterjee, Faculty in Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (the second part is for Turbomachinery
- Fluid Mechanis by Yunus A. Cengel &John M. Cimbala
- Fluid mechanics by F M. White.
Tuesday, 16 December 2025
Must read books
Saturday, 3 July 2021
Publishers' Directory of India
1. Prabhat Prakashan Private Limited
New Delhi, India
Prabhat Prakashan, an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, is one of the leading publishing houses in India. We have a glorious history of sixty years of publishing quality books on almost all streams.
Jaipur, India
Genius Publications was established in 2002 and now today we are one of the leading Publishers in the market. Genius Publications is a privately owned publishing company dedicated to the global dissemination of information.
Noida, India
BrainMate is a reputed organization of CBSE school book publishers in all over India, There are 2 branch in India, His head office in Meerut and branch in Noida Sector 10. Currently BrainMate served 7000+ customers with positive feedback.
Mumbai, India
We 'IED Communications Ltd' the Publishers & the organizers of the Automation 2010 show in India are the leading publishers of the Industrial Automation magazine. The Industrial Automation magazine is the complete Automation related magazine, new products releases; new Technological
5. Narosa Publishing House Private Limited
New Delhi, India
Publishers of textbooks for college and university students, reference books and research monographs in chemistry, computer science, earth science, engineering, environmental science, life sciences, mathematics/statistics, medicine and physics.
6. Newspostalk
Ballabgarh, India
Newspostalk covers all global news & provide quality news in a various niche like Continents News, World News, Business News, Sports News, Entertainment News, Health News, technology News, Science News.
7. Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd
Mumbai, India
Publishers of peer-reviewed, open access journals in science, technology and medicine.
8. I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi, India
IK is one of the leading international scientific publishing company in science, technology and medicine. With head office in New Delhi and Branch office in all major cities in India.
Roorkee, India
CESER PUBLICATIONS™ (www.ceser.in) was established in 1999 as a scholarly publisher. From that beginning, CESER PUBLICATIONS™ has been dedicated to the advancement and dissemination of knowledge to scholars, students, the scientific and academic societies. CESER Publications is rapidly growing
10. Digital Information Research Foundation
Chennai, India
Digital Information Research Foundation is one of the largest publishers of Science and Technology journals. The journals published by them are reviewed and indexed in many global databases.
Automation Engineering Books
Industrial Automation Books
| S.No. | Title | Size | Download |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Programmable Logic Controller PLC Book | 4.85 MB | Click Here |
| 2 | What is Industrial Automation | 1.16 MB | Click Here |
| 3 | Instrumentation and PLC | 2.22 MB | Click Here |
| 4 | Basics of Industrial Automation | 2.98 MB | Click Here |
| 5 | Industrial Communication Systems | 3.1 MB | Click Here |
| 6 | Industrial Automation Devices | 477 KB | Click Here |
| 7 | HART, EDDL, FDT, DTM, MMS, OPC | 4.41 MB | Click Here |
| 8 | IEC61850 | 788 KB | Click Here |
| 9 | Inputs and Outputs Fieldbus | 525 KB | Click Here |
| 10 | SCADA Operator Interface | 2.49 MB | Click Here |
| 11 | Control Systems Dependability | 1.32 MB | Click Here |
| 12 | Programming Languages for Industrial Automation | 667 KB | Click Here |
| 13 | Real Time Programming | 390 KB | Click Here |
| 14 | Real-time operating system | 274 KB | Click Here |
| 15 | Hydraulic Servo System | 2.57 MB | Click Here |
| 16 | PLC Primer | 238 KB | Click Here |
| 17 | PLC Glossary | 89 KB | Click Here |
| 18 | Basics of PLCs | 3.84 MB | Click Here |
| 19 | Data Acquisition | 1.28 MB | Click Here |
| 20 | Control Systems | 14.45 MB | Click Here |
| 21 | Programmable Logic Design | 3.21 MB | Click Here |
| 22 | DCS or PLC | 212 KB | Click Here |
Monday, 24 November 2014
PPT on Engine
Engine is a most significant discovery of human civilization. The discovery of engine gave a booster to industrialization. Engines are influencing very vast areas of our daily life, we all are familiar to a simple engine like motorbike to a complicated one jet engines.
In this presentation we are going to give a collective information about engines, types of engines and various kinds of cycles on which engines are working.
Project Report on Engines
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors use compressed air and others, such as clockwork motors in wind-up toys use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors like myosins in muscles use chemical energy to create motion.
Industrial training report on Gear Manufacturing (PPT)
- VMC Machines
- CNC Turing Machines
- Gear Shaper Machine
- Broaching Machines
- Bore Grinding Machines
- Sealed Quenching Furnaces
- Hot and cold Forging Presses
- Gear Hobbing and Shaving Machines
PPT on ABS (Antilock Braking System)
Which is commonly known as ABS is used as an antiskid device in a vehicle. It used to prevent skidding of wheels while braking when we want to stop the vehicle or suddenly reduce its speed at any time.
ABS was first developed for aircraft use in 1929 by the French automobile and aircraft pioeer, Gabriel Voisin.
It provides better stability and control over vehicle while braking at high speed.
Dissertation on ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking.A rotating road wheel allows the driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking, by preventing a locked wheel or skid, and allowing the wheel to continue to forward roll and create lateral control, as directed by driver steering inputs. Disadvantages of the system include increased braking distances under some limited circumstances (snow, gravel, "soft" surfaces), and the creation of a "false sense of security" among drivers who do not understand the operation, and limitations of ABS.
Thursday, 11 September 2014
Mechanical Engineering vs Civil Engineering
These two branches of engineering are so famous and high in demand that every engineering student wants to know that which among these two is better? Both of these branches of engineering are high in merit in all universities all over the world. It’s really hard to choose one which is better among these two disciplines. I interviewed almost twenty Mechanical and Civil engineers before writing about this issue. Those who were mechanical engineers, they said Mechanical Engineering is better while those who are Civil Engineers, they said that Civil Engineering is better. So Mechanical Engineering vs Civil Engineering – the debate goes on.
Here I would like to present a more logical difference between these two disciplines of engineering and I hope it will help all young students and prospective students to get to know about these two branches of engineering. Because in the end, I personally think it’s someone’s interest which makes him/her choose between Mechanical or Civil Engineering.
So before i start and you make a choice, it is best to know what is Mechanical Engineering and what is Civil Engineering?
Mechanical engineering involves working on machines. Both are traditional engineering programmes. Mechanical Engineering in layman terms can be termed as the study of automobile machines and mechanics related to that.
While Civil engineering is focuses on design, construction and maintenance of buildings and associated structures.
Scope of work involved
Mechanical Engineering
Design and control of system that goes into the process of manufacturing the machinery and product.
Testing new systems.
Quality management and improvement.
Marketing products and systems.
Civil Engineering
Design, supervision and construction of structures.
Calculating the cost involved, safety of the structure and potential environmental risks.
Involves travelling quite frequently.
Type of Industry for work
Mechanical Engineering
Manufacturing
Automobile
Power
Aeronautical
Civil Engineering
Building and construction
Private consulting firms
Government departments
Research institutes
Specializations Available
Mechanical Engineering
Production engineering
Automobile engineering
Nuclear engineering
Nanotechnology
Bio-medical engineering
Environmental engineering
Civil Engineering
Structural engineering
Environmental engineering
Transportation engineering
Specific Skills
Mechanical Engineering
Good technical and communication skill coupled with logical capability to interpret complex and changing concepts.
Civil Engineering
Good logical and mental capability, problem solving skills and ability to grasp new concepts are very essential to be a good civil engineer.
Should be able to express yourself using figures and words.
Tuesday, 12 August 2014
Friday, 16 May 2014
What is Detonation in Engine?
Detonation is the spontaneous combustion of the end-gas (remaining fuel/air mixture) in the chamber. It always occurs after normal combustion is initiated by the spark plug. The initial combustion at the spark plug is followed by a normal combustion burn. For some reason, likely heat and pressure, the end gas in the chamber spontaneously combusts. The key point here is that detonation occurs after you have initiated the normal combustion with the spark plug.Under normal conditions, the combusting air and fuel mixture inside the combustion chamber ignites in a controlled manner. The mixture is ignited by the spark, normally in the centre of the cylinder, and a flame front moves from the spark towards the outside of the cylinder in a controlled burn. Detonation, or engine knock, occurs simply when fuel pre-ignites before the piston reaches scheduled spark ignition. This means that a powerful explosion is trying to expand a cylinder chamber that is shrinking in size, attempting to reverse the direction of the piston and the engine. Causing sudden pressure changes in the cylinder (Up to 10x that normally experienced), and extreme temperature spikes that can be very damaging on engine pistons, rings, rods, gaskets, bearings, and even the cylinder heads.
Even the best engine components cannot withstand severe detonation for more than a few seconds at a time. More severe detonation obviously leads to more severe forms of engine damage. If there is enough heat and pressure in the combustion chamber, detonation can begin to occur before the spark plug even fires, which would normally initiate the combustion. Under these circumstances, known as "pre-ignition", the piston may be travelling up towards a wave of compressed, exploding gas. These are the worst kinds of detonation conditions, and can bend con-rods and destroy pistons.
Detonation causes three types of failure:
1. Mechanical damage (broken ring lands)
2. Abrasion (pitting of the piston crown)
3. Overheating (scuffed piston skirts due to excess heat input or high coolant
temperatures)
So what causes detonation?
Any of the following items can be factors that cause detonation:
Ignition Timing
Improper ignition timing is usually down to incorrect setup, rather than any system failure. This can be corrected by checking the static timing and maximum advance. Most modern forced induction vehicles have an electronic device known as a "knock sensor" that will control the ignition timing by retarding it if it detects any "knock".
Lean Air/Fuel ratio
A lean air/fuel mixture will promote detonation, because a lesser quantity of fuel, when vaporised, will absorb less heat. Thus a lean mixture increases heat, the root cause of detonation. For this reason, you will usually find that supercharged vehicles will, if anything tend to run a slightly rich Air/fuel mixture. In this way the extra fuel actually acts as a liquid intercooler.
Fuel Octane
A fuels Octane rating is a measure of its resistance to spontaneous combustion, or detonation. The greater the Octane the greater the resistance. In the UK, standard Unleaded fuel is rated at 95 Ron (Research Octane Number), Currently the highest Octane Rated Fuel available in the UK is Shell Optimax, this has an Octane rating of 98. (I am only using Optimax in the Lightweight.)
Exhaust gas back pressure
Any restriction or blockage in the Exhaust system will increase back pressure, this means that the hot exhaust gasses are kept in the combustion chamber for longer, thus increasing chamber temperature and increasing the likelihood of detonation.
Intercooler
If a supercharged system has been designed to operate with an intercooler, then anything that compromises the intercoolers efficiency will drastically lower the engines threshold to detonation.
Ambient heat
Very high boost, high performance supercharged systems tend to run close to the detonation threshold. These tend to be more susceptible to Ambient heat. On very hot days when the ambient temperature rises dramatically they can actually cross the threshold and the results can be disastrous.
So how do you get rid of detonation?
The two most common tricks (and easiest options) used by supercharger manufacturers and engine tuners looking to obtain maximum performance without detonation is 1. use higher octane fuel, and 2. retard the ignition timing.
Higher octane fuel burns more controllably and is not as likely to combust before the flame front. This is why racing engines use 100+ octane fuel. The ONLY benefit of racing fuel is that it moves you away from the detonation threshold, which allows you to be more aggressive with power producing factors - i.e. raise compression, advance timing, etc. So simply putting 100 octane fuel in a standard production car will not produce a racing car as it is just not tuned correctly to take advantage of the Octane rating.
Retarding the ignition timing will delay the timing of the spark, which also moves you away from your detonation threshold. Most popular "power programmers" or "chips" increase engine power by advancing the ignition timing, and requiring you to run a higher octane fuel to avoid detonation. These work great, except the advanced ignition timing is NOT compatible with most superchargers, unless you're happy to run 100 octane fuel. In fact, many supercharger systems include an "ignition boost retard" that retards the ignition timing when it senses boost from the supercharger.
Another way to avoid detonation is to cool the incoming air charge to lower the temperature inside the combustion chamber. On a supercharged application, this task can be handled by an intercooler/Charge cooler or by a water injection system (less common). The intercooler takes the incoming air charge and passes it over a series of air-cooled or water-cooled fins and ducts, thus cooling the air in the same way that a radiator cools your engine's coolant. Intercoolers are thus very popular in higher output supercharger systems, where detonation becomes more of a problem. A suitable intercooler allows you to run more boost and also allows you to eliminate the ignition boost retard, meaning you'll notice increased performance, and still experience no detonation.
Another way to lower the temperature of the combusting air and fuel is to run cooler heat range spark plugs. Many supercharger manufacturers will recommend cooler plugs for your supercharged engine.
Because a lean condition (fuel starvation) also contributes to detonation, it is important to make sure that the fuel system (pump, injectors, etc.) is capable of delivering the increased fuel requirements of the supercharged engine. Often, an otherwise perfectly tuned engine will experience detonation just because the fuelling system can't deliver enough fuel to the engine. Upgrading certain fuel components is sometimes necessary when supercharging an engine. More commonly the ECU that controls the Fuelling MAP needs to be upgraded. If you are installing a supercharger on an engine with other modifications, you need to make sure you consider the additional fuel requirements and compensate with larger injectors and / or a bigger fuel pump if required.
Conclusion
You should pay close attention to "knock" and pinging noises that come from your engine because they could indicate detonation inside the combustion chamber and should be dealt with immediately. If ignored it could prove to be a costly decision.
Although detonation can be potentially damaging to an engine, it is easily controlled once you understand the causes. With a little thought when implementing the chosen design there should be no reason for detonation to occur.
Difference between CI and SI engine .
1. In SI engines, a properly mixed air-fuel mixture is provided by an electrical spark. Whereas in CI engines high temperature caused by compressing the air is sufficient for ignition.Hence they are called CI engines.
2.The SI engine works on Otto cycle. WhereasThe CI engine works on Diesel cycle.
3. the fuel used in SI engine is Petrol that burns if left in air at a little bit temperature. It is very volatile. The fuel used in CI engine is Diesel that has less self-ignition tendency and is less volatile.
4. In SI engines, aromatics are most preferred fuels whereas in CI engines alkanes are preferred as fuels.
5. A fuel must pass through four criteria before it is used : (a) volatility, (b) anti-knock quality, (c) gum deposits, and (d) sulphur content. Except volatility, other three can be managed.
More volatility means less ignition temperature, which in turn implies that a lower compression ratio can be obtained(as is the case with SI engines). In CI engines, diesel is used that is less volatile than petrol. So an appreciably larger compression ratio can be obtained that yields more efficiency. So volatility of fuels does play a crucial role in determining the efficiency of the Internal Combustion engines.
3. The air-fuel mixture is homogeneous throughout in SI while in CI only air enters and in the cylinder mixture is heterogeneous.
4. In SI engine, properly mixed air-fuel mixture in carburettor enters the cylinder. But in CI engine, only air enters the cylinder.
5.In CI engines the compression ratio is higher, which produces high pressures inside the engine. Hence CI engines are heavier than SI engines.
6. Petrol or SI engines are lightweight, and the fuel is homogeneously burned, hence achieving very high speeds. CI engines are heavier and the fuel is burned heterogeneously, hence producing lower speeds.
7. In SI engine, the combustion chamber is smaller because there is no smoke. But in CI engine, due to smoke, combustion chamber has to be larger.
8. In SI engines, knocking is due to pre-ignition. It can result in detonation and can damage the engine altogether. But in CI engines, knocking is due to ignition delay, and hence it is least harmful.
9. The compression ratio is in the range of 6-10 in SI engines whereas in CI engines, it is about 12-20. Hence CI engines are considered efficient than the SI engines.
10.In the case of SI engines the lower compression ratio reduces their potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency. But in the case of CI engines the value of compression ratio is higher; hence these engines have the potential to achieve higher thermal efficiency.
Monday, 5 May 2014
Milling Machine (PPT)
•Used to produce one or more machined surfaces accurately on workpiece
–One or more rotary milling cutters
•Workpiece held on work table or holding device and brought into contact with cutter
•Vertical milling machine most common
•Horizontal milling machine handles operations normally performed by other tools.
Monday, 31 March 2014
What is Supercharger?
Superchargers are also called forced induction systems. An internal combustion engine works by drawing a mixture of air and fuel (the intake charge) into its cylinders, compressing that mixture and then burning it. The more air/fuel mixture that can be crammed into the cylinders for burn, the more power the engine produces. We can increase power in three basic ways:
1) By improving the engine’s ability to draw more air and fuel into the cylinders and expel its burned exhaust gases (its volumetric efficiency, or ‘breathing’)
2) By increasing the swept volume of the cylinders (the engine’s displacement), so you can fit more air and fuel into each cylinder.
3) By applying the force the intake charge into the cylinders under high pressure, squeezing more air and fuel into the available volume. Forcing air into the engine at higher than atmospheric pressure is called supercharging. A supercharger is a mechanical air compressor that pressurizes the air going into the engine. There are several types of compressor used for car and truck engines, most commonly Roots-type, centrifugal, and Lysholm compressors; each has pros and cons, but they have the same basic function.
Friday, 28 February 2014
Lathe Machine (PPT)
The basic engine lathe, which is one of the most widely used machine tools, is very versatile when used by a skilled machinist. However, it is not particularly efficient when many identical parts must be machined as rapidly as possible.
The standard engine lathe is not a high production machine, but it can be readily tooled up for many one-piece or short-run jobs.
It is also possible to modify the basic machine for many higher production applications.
The modern engine lathe provides a wide range of speeds and feeds which allow optimum settings for almost any operation.
There have been advances in headstock design to provide greater strength and rigidity.
